Estudo clínico para detecção de alterações vasculares através da retinografia digital, anteriormente ao diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Digital retinography (DR) consists of photographing the fundus of the eye that registers changes in the retina on ophthalmoscopy, allowing you to observe the effects of the treatments performed and compare them with the images evolved by digital angiography. This technique allows obtaining clear images of changes in the optic nerve, retina and macula, helping in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients who have diseases or changes in the posterior segment of the eye. Objective: To evaluate fundus microvascular lesions through HR in patients classified as having pre-diabetes and obesity. Evaluate the profile of the glycated hemoglobin (A1c) parameter and sociodemographic factors compared to the DR. Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a population admission sample of 108 patients treated in a private endocrinology service, who have a diagnosis of pre-diabetes according to the criteria of the Brazilian Society of Diabetes (SBD) and who were authorized for digital retinography with authorized authorization. The retinographic evaluation was performed using the EYER Digital Retinograph (BAYER) with color and black and white pictures of the fundus of both eyes by a single technician, and being performed without pupillary dilation of the patients. DR analysis: The photos were sent for the issuance of a report by two ophthalmologists from a specialized and reference center in Belo Horizonte. All data were stored in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed with the R program. Results: The results suggest that the presence of comorbidities, such as SAH, dyslipidemia and obesity, as well as inadequate glycemic control, represent factors associated with the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy in patients with pre-diabetes. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of preventive measures and adequate control of these conditions in pre-diabetic patients, in order to prevent or delay the progression of diabetic retinopathy and, consequently, reduce the risk of blindness and other ocular complications.